Қазақ ұлттық қыздар педагогикалық университеті / Казахский национальный женский педагогический университет

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Язык: search.filters.language.АнглийскийТема: search.filters.subject.disease resistance

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    Efficiency of Resistant Types of Soft Spring Wheat Grades to Leaf Rust
    (Oriental Scientific Publishing Company, 2016-03-28)
    Shermahan Shapalov
    ;
    Zhanar Tileubayeva
    ;
    Meruyert Sakenovna Kurmanbayeva
    ;
    Amangeldy Sarbayev
    ;
    K.R. Hidirov
    Types of wheat rust are among the most harmful diseases, which leads to a significant loss of yields.Under favorable conditions, the development of the disease can reduce the yield to 45% or more.During epiphytotic development, it covers an area of up to 1.5-2.0mln ha and reduces the yields to 20-70%.Pathogens types of rust fungus diseases adapted to different climatic conditions, resulting in leaf rust meet annually and in all regions of wheat cultivation.Farms generally accepted crop protection from the disease by chemical means.However, the use of fungicides -is not only very costly, it is also environmentally safe, both for the near biological objects, and consumers received products.The most efficient and environmentally acceptable way to protect against the disease -a genetic.However, the gene pool of wheat resistance genes to rusts (P.recondita f.Sp.Tritici Rob.Ex Desm., P.graminis, P.striiformis) greatly exhausted, and every year there are new pathotypes of the pathogen able to overcome previous effective resistance genes (Lr, Sr, Yr-genes).Therefore, the stability test of wheat varieties and breeding for resistance is conducted in a continuous loop.The extension of genetic diversity of spring bread wheat varieties is possible by the involvement in hybridization of the new sources of valuable biological and economical features from the world's gene pool.The article on artificial infectious background investigation conducted spring wheat varieties for resistance to rusts and selected for the selection of resistant forms of immunity.The research revealed the forms resistant to leaf and stem rust and featuring high yielding potential.
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    Assessing Kazakhstani wheat varieties by yield indicators and resistance to rust
    (Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 2021-07-02)
    Tolganai Sekerova
    ;
    ZH.S. Tileubayeva
    ;
    Aikerim Asylbekkyzy Ydyrys
    ;
    М.О. Айтжанова
    ;
    Kulzhakhan Bakirova
    According to the experts of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the annual global loss of products from diseases and pests of agricultural crops in 1986-1990 was 52.2 million from 1998-2005 from a conventional unit of grain to 70 million tons. One of the factors that reduce the yield indicators of grain crops, contributing to a sharp decrease in yield, is the rust disease, which causes damage to grain crops, except for wheat Aegilops, Elymus, Agropyron, etc. The problem of contamination of grain crops with phytopathogenic fungi is quite a serious problem for the countries of Central Asia, since, according to FAO, this region is characterized by a higher level of bread consumption per capita (about 200 kg per year), and agriculture is considered as one of the key factors of the economy. The cost of production is an economic factor and negatively affects the sustainable development of agricultural production. A comprehensive study of the source material obtained in breeding, the replacement of ineffective ones with effective ones, makes it possible to suppress the rate of development of the pathogen and prevent epiphytosis. The evolution of the adapted parasite is accompanied by the evolution of the host plant. The article examines the complex resistance of domestic and foreign wheat varieties to rust in an artificial epidemic environment. Over the years of research, a comparative analysis of the resistance of wheat varieties to diseases has been carried out. Field tolerance was noted in the varieties Almaly, Arap, Zhakut, Naz with 3-4 points, in the varieties Samar and Zhalyn with 2 points. As a result of the structural analysis of the yield of winter wheat varieties allowed for sowing in production and promising, a decrease in these indicators was found under the influence of the disease.
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